Timeline of Art Essay Example For Students

Timeline of Art Essay The Thread: The thread which joins all the isms in the twentieth century are its slow evolution from one period to another. As artists from one concepts were exploring a certain idea that led to another either just for the sake of the curiosity or by sheer boredom. Therefore my paper deals with the evolution of different isms in this century. Fauvism: From 1904-7, for a very brief period, a few Paris painters evolved a style of painting that earned the name Les Fauves wild beasts. Henri Matisse, Andre Derain and Maurice Vlaminck were the major contributors to this style of painting which gained popularity due to its apparent freedom of expression with the use of pure colors and exaggeration of drawing. Among all of the twentieth century art movements, this was the most transient and least definable. The three major painters work was highly individual and shared only for brief periods. The momentary excitement that held these painters aloft and allowed them the maximum of freedom, deserted them as their work developed and matured. The hangover from this movement led to new means of expression. We will write a custom essay on Timeline of Art specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It was never a movement with aims that could be realized such as successive movements as Cubism was, but was a erratic process of experiments with possibilities suggested by the post-impressionist painters. Cubism: Cubism, which began very shortly after Fauvism, is exemplified by Pablo Picasso. In this movement the flattened space including background and foreground are related in a new and more abrupt manner. The first effect is of a camera in motion, a kaleidoscopic impression of the solid portions of the figure. This certain feature can be contrasted to the impressionist movements works. Added to this kaleidoscopic quality is another new element. Picasso and his Cubist colleagues disintegrated the form into a series of simultaneously viewed but different aspects of the same subject. A cubist painter, to achieve a greater understanding, walked about the subject, observing it from significant various angles and recording them as his impressions of form. But this procedure led to actual destruction of form and its reduction to a series of decorative elements. Negro art and sculpture had a profound effect and it was quite extensively used by Picasso. Negro sculpture approved his subject in a more conceptual way than a naturalistic depiction, mostly by a western view. This resulted in forms that were more abstract and stylized and in a sense more symbolic. Picasso held the view that it was art that held the key to the young twentieth century painters to liberate themselves and was more representational and anti-naturalistic. The rational, geometric breakdown of the human head and body provided Picasso re-appraisal of his subjects. This style gave birth to the next phase of development, known as synthetic Cubism. Georges Barque was major contributor to this style, in which he joined bits of real wallpaper, playing cards, tobacco package labels and other materials. These were selected not to form impact but for decorative and compositional-making. In this form, the Cubists were more concerned with textural and decorative values. Cubism was an art of experiment which stripped bare the mechanics of pictorial creation and destroyed the artificial barriers between abstraction and representation. It still remains the pivotal movement in the art of the first half of this century. Abstract Expressionism: Since the World War II the paintings movement had gathered considerable momentum. The political realities of the time- from 1943 to early 1950s- the War, the Holocaust in Europe, the apparent threat of the world destruction by atomic bomb, the conservative reaction of McCarthyism in United States and even intensified hurly burly of city life-resulted in a movement called Abstract Expressionism. Abstract Expressionism combined two tendencies already evident in the twentieth century; the drive to create totally abstract works and express emotion through the use of brilliant colors. .ud1443a7b4c2ea98ce2adc8f0c1f25a45 , .ud1443a7b4c2ea98ce2adc8f0c1f25a45 .postImageUrl , .ud1443a7b4c2ea98ce2adc8f0c1f25a45 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud1443a7b4c2ea98ce2adc8f0c1f25a45 , .ud1443a7b4c2ea98ce2adc8f0c1f25a45:hover , .ud1443a7b4c2ea98ce2adc8f0c1f25a45:visited , .ud1443a7b4c2ea98ce2adc8f0c1f25a45:active { border:0!important; } .ud1443a7b4c2ea98ce2adc8f0c1f25a45 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud1443a7b4c2ea98ce2adc8f0c1f25a45 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud1443a7b4c2ea98ce2adc8f0c1f25a45:active , .ud1443a7b4c2ea98ce2adc8f0c1f25a45:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud1443a7b4c2ea98ce2adc8f0c1f25a45 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud1443a7b4c2ea98ce2adc8f0c1f25a45 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud1443a7b4c2ea98ce2adc8f0c1f25a45 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud1443a7b4c2ea98ce2adc8f0c1f25a45 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud1443a7b4c2ea98ce2adc8f0c1f25a45:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud1443a7b4c2ea98ce2adc8f0c1f25a45 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud1443a7b4c2ea98ce2adc8f0c1f25a45 .ud1443a7b4c2ea98ce2adc8f0c1f25a45-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud1443a7b4c2ea98ce2adc8f0c1f25a45:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Art of Leonid Afremov EssayThe leading figure of this new painting style was Jackson Pollock, who produced his large works by dribbling strands of paint on the canvas, involving his whole body in the activity and creating sensations of sparkling energy and movement. The term Action Painting was coined to describe how Pollock worked. Pollock felt, he could become emotionally involved with his work and through it communicate his emotions to the viewer. A more violent and intense form of Action Painting was devised by Willem de Kooning from whose seeming destruction of form gradually emerged a bodily image. During the fifties, older and younger artists alike were affected by the trend towards discarding all standards of form. Mark Rothko developed a uniquely personal, reserved, almost mystical mode of painting in which colors interacted as they appeared to shift in space. In this geometrical abstraction, a clarity of design appeared, together with the use of flickering effects of color. The example of Abstract Expressionism was followed within a short time by artists all over the world. In Great Britain, abstract art took on fresh importance when new relationships of form and color were highlighted in two and three dimensions. A number of painters in Belgium, Holland and Denmark added the aggressive aspects of Abstract Expressionism to their own versions of Northern-European Expressionism. Again, in Germany and Italy there also emerged followers of the new fashion who strove to express their own feelings through unobstructed out- pouring in paint. This led to matter painting in which very thick layers of paint, mixed with plaster and manipulated on the surface of the canvas. At the height of popularity of Abstract Expressionism worldwide, the fashion was swept aside and interest turned in the appearance of Pop-Art. Pop-Art: By early 1960s a newer style called Pop Art began to thrust into fore-front. Pop Art depicted every day objects and images in techniques borrowed from advertising and the comics. The first Pop Art work was made in Britain. In America it grew by slow stages out of the prevailing abstract expressionist style. Its reception was not too warming. According to the critics, Pop art depicts the consumer environment and its mentality: ugliness becomes beauty. Another said, Subject is raised to the status of content by the artists attitude to it. as it emerged from the experiment of the fifties, Pop art was the ideal instrument for coming to grips with the American urban environment. Although the imagery referred to popular culture, the works of the pop painters were as much art made out of art as the self-conscious purely formal arrangement. Pop art was the product of industrial revolution which succeeded it. It brought together fashion, democracy, and the machine. Andy Warhol, a leading Pop artist, as a commercial illustrator used, whimsical methods in Ethel Scull 36 Times, grotesquely made up Marilyn Monroe and tearful Jackie Kennedy. As the fashionable fever over Pop art died down, the other styles pressed forward. Op Art: The painters showed renewed interest in investigating the technical possibilities of abstract painting and extending its ability to create optical sensations with or without emotional content, called Op Art. This led to optical illusion and other visual effects achieved by manipulating abstract form and color areas. Op art was first referred in Life. By 1965, Op art was a household phrase referring to black and white boldly patterned fabrics, window displays, and generally used objects. Op arts crucial aspect involved a technique rather than an ideology. It was impossible to make exact distinction where the movement began and ended. Sometimes. Kinetic and op art were grouped together to achieve a unique illusion. The number of artists working in op art were very limited. Most famous explored such effects like the wavy shimmering forms on watered silks. Op paintings do not necessarily lend to intellectual exploration. There main reason is to provoke an intense sensual and often sensational impact. Minimalism: Minimalism can be best described as the art which no longer cared about to serve state and religion. .u1c36d96620d80c531138cf6af763f8ab , .u1c36d96620d80c531138cf6af763f8ab .postImageUrl , .u1c36d96620d80c531138cf6af763f8ab .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1c36d96620d80c531138cf6af763f8ab , .u1c36d96620d80c531138cf6af763f8ab:hover , .u1c36d96620d80c531138cf6af763f8ab:visited , .u1c36d96620d80c531138cf6af763f8ab:active { border:0!important; } .u1c36d96620d80c531138cf6af763f8ab .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1c36d96620d80c531138cf6af763f8ab { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1c36d96620d80c531138cf6af763f8ab:active , .u1c36d96620d80c531138cf6af763f8ab:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1c36d96620d80c531138cf6af763f8ab .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1c36d96620d80c531138cf6af763f8ab .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1c36d96620d80c531138cf6af763f8ab .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1c36d96620d80c531138cf6af763f8ab .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1c36d96620d80c531138cf6af763f8ab:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1c36d96620d80c531138cf6af763f8ab .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1c36d96620d80c531138cf6af763f8ab .u1c36d96620d80c531138cf6af763f8ab-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1c36d96620d80c531138cf6af763f8ab:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Contemporary Art History Notes EssayIt wanted to exist for itself and for itself only. Minimalism celebrated rationalism and a mathematical way of thinking, where an object would point toward an immediate legible geometry. Minimalism defined a mutual sense of psychologically indifferent decoration. The minimalists shared the view that a work of art should be completely conceived by the mind before its execution. They wanted to get away from the idea of self-expression. The Minimalists introduced the idea with a commitment to clarity, conceptual region and simplicity. Despite some earlier opposition, Minimalism became a decisive force in painting, music and dance. Conceptual art: In late sixties to early seventies an extended free-for-all art began which lasted for more than a decade. This extremely diverse range of activities were labeled as Conceptual ,Idea or Information Art. This movement placed an emphasis on ideas: ideas about everything around us, an unruly range of information, subjects and concerns. These diverse ideas were conveyed by written proposals, photographs, documents, charts, film and video, maps, artists use of own bodies and language. This resulted in art form which demanded a new kind of attention and mental participation from the viewer. Post modern Art: Post modern art started in late seventies and then was applied to everything that followed it. The post modernist is best exemplified by some of the artists works around 1980 that recycled conflicting images and systems of representation. Identities rooted in gender and sexuality became central forces in the development of post modernism. The emergence of gay and feminist movements in 1970s challenged conventional assumptions about sexuality and gender. Explicitly feminist and gay perspectives began to affect the arts. By frankly engaging in social issues, post modernists deal with ideology, the mass media and the dynamics of authority. ACT UP and WHAM, the two organizations were actively involved in bringing out social education in the AIDS crisis. The arts world presence in a number of controversial issues brought forward the wrath of conservatives in the Congress. Along with by highlighting some abuses in the arts world Congress tried to cut major funds to a number of individual artists and museums. Art has been a major part of our development. One can accumulate a number of high-tech weapons to gain superiority but it is gain in the art world which brings harmony and peace in this diverse world. Even before the Cold War ended, the involved countries were familiar with each other only by heir respective artistic talents. There was always artistic exchanges among the countries with an understanding to know each other differences and similarities. Art worlds subsidization should be a major part of our budget. America is known more in the foreign world for its various artistic talents as in films and video as for its better-equipped army.

Monkeys Paw Essay Example

Monkeys Paw Essay Example Monkeys Paw Essay Monkeys Paw Essay Monkeys Paw Essay People disregard the warnings of others all the time; whether it is from a teacher, a parent, or perhaps an older sibling (Attention grabber). As displayed in W. W Jojobas short story, The Monkeys Paw, about a family fate-changing experience with a magical paw (Transition). The cynical paw, in fact, belonged to a monkey; it contained three wishes for three different people (Background). There are countless warnings given to the White family through out the story, yet foolish decisions continue to be made (Background). Using a frightening mood, Jacobs argues that those who interfere with their Sistine will suffer (T. S). The storys fearsome mood begins with heavy footsteps and a banging too loudly'(l) (C. D). Using suspenseful diction, the author suggests horrible events to come (commentary). Soon after the first wish a silence unusual and depressing settled upon the white family (5)(C. D). The reader encounters a disturbing sensation, creating an intense feeling of regret, felt mostly by Mr.. White (commentary). At this point in the story Mr.. White begins to understand the severity of his actions, tempting fate (commentary). Near the close of the story both Mr.. And Mrs.. White lay silently listening to the ticking of the clock while a stair Learn 2 creaked (1 1)(C. D). Suspense is an obvious and intentional emotion the writer is trying to convey (Commentary). It seems as though Jacobs is trying to show the hopelessness theyre feeling, waiting for what fate has planned for them(Commentary). Mr.. White finally understands that fate cannot be changed; and trying to change destiny will only end in disaster (commentary). Jojobas clever use of spooky diction/mood supports the notion that interfering with fate will end in dire consequences; foreshadowed within various parts of the story (concluding entente). Jacobs shows that those who interfere with their calling will feel remorse in their actions by foreshadowing numerous events throughout the story (T. S. ). In the beginning of the story Mr.. White makes a fatal mistake after it was too late(l) (C. D. ). The choice of wording, before knowing the ending of the story, seems exaggerated and dramatic (commentary). However after becoming conscious of the outcome, the reader interprets that fatal brings a deeper meaning to the story; seeing as the son dies in the end (Commentary). This also ties into Jacobs argument about dealing with the choices made by humanity. Commentary). Later in the story, when the sergeant is introduced, his tones were so grave that a hush fell upon the group(3) (C. D. ). Again, there is an underlined meaning in the writers choice of diction when he uses grave to describe unnecessary silence (commentary). At this point the reader can conclude that death is an inevitable result of the families attempt of changing fate (Commentary). When the sergeant leaves, Herbert, with a solemn face somewhat marred by a wink (5) (C. D. ). The word marred itself meaner disfigured (commentary). When the way Herbert died is taken into account it becomes clear that his foreshadowed how Herbert looked after the accident (Commentary). The theory that fate rules peoples lives is supported by the countless examples of foreshadowing, meanwhile irony supports another argument (C. S. . Using irony, Jacobs argues that in order to avoid awful consequences people must take into account the warnings around them (T. S. ). In the beginning, Herbert predicts that theyre going to be rich and famous and happy'(4) (C. D. ). This is an example of verbal irony because that is the complete opposite of what ended up happening (commentary). The sergeant warned the white family about the monkeys paw, yet hey still believe the paw will benefit them (commentary). After the first wish is made Mr.. White claims that theres no harm done (5) (commentary). This situational irony supports the carelessness felt by the White family in disregarding the Sergeants warnings; much like reality, people dont understand the graveness of their actions until it is too late (commentary). At the climax of the story, when Herbert dies, the man who delivered the news presents his parents with a certain sum of compensation then hands them bass (8) (C. D. ). The situational irony creates an obvious feeling of regret upon Mr.. White in not listening to his friend (commentary). Jacobs provides more than enough irony to develop his reason for considering the warnings of others (C. S. ). Using irony Jacobs argued that humanity must take into account the forewarnings of others or pay the cost; he showed that those who tamper with fate would regret their actions using foreshadowing and a fearful mood (T. S). Whether or not people take into account the warnings around them, they are there. Though, at times, curiosity gets the best of society, it is crucial that they are not blinded or distracted by extravagant things.

National Programme for IT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

National Programme for IT - Essay Example National application service providers (NASPS) will be responsible for delivering national application.LPS will have the responsibility of delivering the local aspects of national care record service (NCRS). These were created for contracting purposes and this led to the country being subdivided into five clusters that were competing to select a dedicated LSP which would deliver the integrated National Care Records Service across that path The care records service is responsible for most of the practices that involve the patients that include checking on their progress, proactive decision support, prescription ordering, and integrated patients’ data. The first phase whose due completion was in 2004, highlighted that all the clinicians were supposed to be able to access patient’s information from the internet and that the hospitals were to be x-ray enabled. Later on, the clinicians were to be able to access the records of the patients including their discharge time, their personal documentations and more on their prescriptions. The data spine was to regulate or control who accessed the data and act as the doorway to the functioning of LSP. This meant that there would be no access to LSP without due authenticity from the data spine. The spine had the addresses of the people, their names, their updates and the demographic data of the patients in it The national prescription service was added to the NCRS to assist in the national prescriptions movement between the GPs, National Prescribing Price Authority and the community pharmacists. This will reduce the repetition in prescriptions and the administrative burden to manage them and also help provide the pharmacists in getting the feedback required and getting to know whether the patients are taking the medications as prescribed. In addition to this, the patients will be able to book appointments without the need to queue. The NHS network is very efficient to allow if to work well between NHS components

Nuclear waste management assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nuclear waste management assignment - Essay Example Radioactive waste is dumped in the facility and kept there forever based on the assumption that radiation form this waste is containable for enormously large periods of times based on the engineering and structure of the repository and the types of rocks surrounding the facility. It is assumed that while the waste is kept in the repository, level of radiation it emits will decrease with time. Since rock formations around the repository are being depended upon to keep the radiation of the radioactive waste within the facility, location for the repository needs to be such that is surrounded by roc formations that can effectively add another barrier to the radiation’s escape. The repository will be built in a way that the waste is engulfed in multi layers barrier. When the repository is being designed, it needs to be ensured that its structure is such that in case waste needs to be retrieved, that can be easily managed. For those who believe that it will be an overnight transition, they are quite wrong. The government plan concerning its Managing Radioactive Waste Safely (MRWS) program span over a period of decades ant the first repository is thought to be ready by 2040 though regulating bodies are pushing to bring his date forward to the year 2029. This large scope of timelines makes it very clear that this project is not an easy one to undertake. The repository will not be functional for a long time for it does not only have to serve the purpose of a waste disposal site but it has to be safe and environmentally proven to be established. Unfortunately, safety is never a 100% guarantee in anything related to the nuclear industry but checks and balances are being kept in place to minimize any potential risk these repositories might pose. After site selection and before building of a repository, a complete risk assessment of any potent harm the repository might bring will be done

Oracle 11i features Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Oracle 11i features - Essay Example The features are explained based on the different applications present in the suite. The purpose of each feature, their advantage over previous versions and other similar products are detailed here. A brief description of each feature in its previous versions is provided in order to understand each and every feature, better. Finally, a brief description of the outcomes that were achieved through the use of different features of Oracle11i is provided. Oracle Business Suite 11i is commonly referred to as Oracle 11i. Here, "I" represents the application in internet from which it is accessible to anyone, anywhere. Oracle introduced this version after integrating enterprise application software. E-business suite has a significant expansion in functionality, scalability, usability and reduced cost of ownership. Oracle E-business is a powerful suite of applications that provides the organization with better business information for effective decision making and enables an adaptive enterprise for optimal responsiveness. It is comprised of a number of critical applications designed to help businesses become more productive and successful. E-business suite provides comprehensive security policy enforcement and access control for the applications on the network. (Mathews et., al. 2005). 11i suite saves time and improves customer service by automating common supply chain operations that had to be performed manually using earlier versions of Oracle applications. E-business suite deploys on an infrastructure that mixes J2EE elements with Oracle forms and PL/SQL elements. Oracle11i supports synchronous and asynchronous integration approaches, integration of both internal and external applications and use of standards. Oracle11i applications use a three tiered internet computing architecture. This architecture distributes the services on a network to support the processing load. The three tiers of the architecture include database tier, which constitutes an Oracle 8i database; the application tier manages Oracle ERP applications and eliminates the need to install application software on each system; desktop tier provides a plug-in for a browser-based user interface over a network. (Mathews et., al. 2005). The two main components in Oracle's E-business suite are ERP and CRM. Forms Server Forms server runs on the application tier and it is the intermediary between the forms client and the database. They exchange message through a normal network connection. The presentation runs in any Java enabled browser. It manages the downloading, startup and execution of forms client which displays Apps screens, co-ordinates multi window interaction and validation features. It is possible to run multiple forms servers to do load balancing among the network nodes. Http Server HTTP server contains two integral modules which enable the server to perform its functionality. Oracle Self-Service Web Application Oracle self-service web application allows users to perform fast entering, updating and transferring of information within an organization and within an application. Customers can enter orders or perform collection inquiries through this interface and its components. It is designed for secure, self-service business transactions across an intranet or over the internet. Oracle self-servic

Comparison Of International Healthcare System Health And Social Care Essay

Comparison Of International Healthcare System Health And Social Care Essay This research paper deals with comparison between health care systems of United States and India. I chose these two countries because of my familiarity with health care system in India and interest in the U.S health care system. While U.S. and India have few things in common, there are a lot of differences. The health care systems in these two countries are an ideal example of fundamental difference in health care system of an industrialized country and a developing country as well as two different approaches to health care. I will elaborate components of health care system, performance of health care system , health care expenditures, how government in involved, health care coverage and insurance system and a little about administration and payment system. Introduction: The health care system in United States can be categorized as public-private health care system while India has a universal health care system. In US, Health care facilities are largely owned and operated by the private sector. Health insurance is primarily provided by the private sector, with the exception of programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, TRICARE, SCHIP (Childrens Health Insurance Program) and VA (Veterans Health Administration). Universal health care system is built around the principle of providing universal coverage for all members of society, combining mechanisms for health financing and service provision. Over the past few years, Indian health care system is in transition. With the growth of Indian economy, more and more money is pumped into nations health care system. This infusion of money has resulted in substantial gains in health care including increased life expectancy, reduced infant mortality and the eradication of several diseases; although these gains have been uneven across subpopulations. A comparison between health care system of US and India can shed light on the challenges that are common to both and also highlight the unique challenges each faces. What is Health Care System? Health care system is made up of individuals and organizations that are involved in the delivery of health care to target population. Health care system can also be defined as the organization of people, institutions and resources to deliver health care services to meet the health needs of target populations. Components of Health Care System The health care system is made up of three interrelated components; providers, institutions and clients. People who deliver health care services the professionals and practitioners are health care providers. Health care providers are the ones that serve the clients and provide them treatments. The systematic arrangements for delivering health care-the public and private agencies that organize, plan, regulate, finance and coordinate services are the institutions or organizations of the health care system. The institutional component includes hospitals, clinics and home-health agencies; the insurance companies and programs that pay for services like Blue Cross and Blue Shield, managed-care plans such as health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and preferred provider organizations (PPOs); and entitlement programs like Medicare and Medicaid. People in need of health care services are health care consumers or clients. Clients receive care from the healthcare provider. They also either pay the payers such as insurance companies who then pay the provider- or they pay the provider directly, or they have their bills paid on their behalf by the government. Providers receive payment from the payers. Payers are those who finance the healthcare. Payers can include the family of the client, the clients themselves, the insurance companies, or the government. Performance of health care system Performance of health care system can be measured by examining which system performs better and its ability to distribute health care to the population. While comparing health care systems of US and India, I am not going to take into account the vast difference in resources available to each country; instead I will focus on the relative measure of total resources available and resources allocated to health care. We will use traditional measure of infant mortality, life expectancy and cancer survivability rate of the target population to compare health care systems of US and India. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year. This number can be used as measure of health of target population. Life expectancy in US is 78.3 years. Life expectancy in India is 64.7 years. Infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births. This number is used as an indicator of the level of health care access and awareness in a country. The infant mortality rate of the world is 49.4 according to the United Nations and 42.09 according to the CIA World Fact book. Infant mortality rate in US is 6.3. Infant mortality rate in India is 55. Cancer survival rate is the percentage of people who survive a certain type of cancer for a specific amount of time, usually measured for five years. This number is good indicator of richness of health care system. In US, cancer screening tests like mammograms, Pap smear, PSA screening and colonoscopy are used more frequently. US have plenty of diagnostic equipments like Enhanced imaging equipments like LIFE (Lung Imaging Fluorescence Endoscopy), MRI machines and CT scanners. Abundance of these machines results in early screenings for cancer which in turn help in early treatment of cancer. Cancer survival rate in US is 63% in men and 66% in men Cancer survival rate in India is 30%. Health care expenditure U.S. spends more money on health care than any other nation in the world. In 2008, U.S. spent 16.2% of GDP on health care. This is around $2.3 trillion or $7681 per capita, of these 46% is financed by government. Healthcare is one of Indias largest sectors in terms of revenue and employment and the sector is expanding rapidly. But it is nowhere near US health care sector in terms of size. During the 1990s, Indian health care grew at annual rate of 16%. Currently, the total value of the sector is more than $34 billion. This is around $34 per capita, or roughly 6% of GDP (private expenditure of 5.0% and public expenditure of 0.9%), of these 19% is financed by government. Naturally, the overall standard of health care available to the majority of population is poor. The problems of care surrounding childbirth and maternal health, malnutrition in children, all kinds of infectious diseases and infestations are rampant mostly among rural and urban poor who constitute the majority of the population. Government Involvement in health care In the U.S., direct government funds health care through Medicare, Medicaid that covers senior citizens over 65, poor and disabled, nursing home care and women with low income and State Childrens Health Insurance Program which covers children in families below 200% of poverty level. The federal government also runs the Veterans Administration, which provides medical care to veterans, their families and survivors. Some 59% of U.S. residents have employer health care coverage although this figure is decreasing Workers contribution varies widely in this coverage. People who are self employed or unemployed have to purchase their own insurance. U.S. federal and state governments is more and more involved in U.S. health care spending regardless of large private business. In 2004, governments spent 45% of the $2.2 trillion spent on medical care in 2004. The U.S. government spends more on health care than on Social Security and national defense combined. Beyond direct spending, the U.S. government is also involved in health care through regulation. For example, the 1973 HMO Act provides for HMO by giving grants and loans. The health care system in India is characterized by multiple systems of medicine, mixed ownership patterns and different kinds of delivery structures. Public sector ownership is divided between central and state governments, municipal and Panchayat local governments. Public health facilities include teaching hospitals, secondary level hospitals, first-level referral hospitals (CHCs or rural hospitals), dispensaries; primary health centers (PHCs), sub-centers and health posts. Also included are public facilities for selected occupational groups like organized work force (ESI), defense, government employees, (CGHS), railways, post and telegraph and mines among others. Health care in India is universal health care system run by the constituent states and territories of India. The private sector is the dominant sector in India. In India, already 80% of the curative care is being sought by people from the private sector. Hospitals are run by government, charitable trusts and private organizations. The government hospitals in rural areas are called Primary Health Center. These provide basic health care. If there are patients such as snake bite or heart attack, such patients are given basic drug treatment and then sent to a hospital nearby. Hospitals are located in major cities. Along with modern system of medicine, traditional and indigenous medicinal systems like Ayurvedic and Homeopathy systems are in practice throughout the country. Indian health care system is run by the state governments. Government hospitals provide preliminary treatment at the expense of taxpayers. Primary care is focused on immunization, malnutrition prevention, pre and postnatal care and treatment of common ailments. Necessary drugs are offered for free in government hospitals. In these hospitals, charges for basic in-hospital check-up and treatment are much less compared to the private sector. But the private sector also is not expensive when compared to western countries. The cost for these subsidies comes from central and state governments. But government hospitals are not financed enough and have less staff. Since they do not face competition, government hospitals do not maintain basic standards of treatment. Because of these factors, many people are either forced to or prefer to visit private medical practitioners. The majority of the Indian population is unable to access high quality healthcare provided by private entities as a result of high costs. Many are now looking towards insurance companies for providing alternative financing options so that they too can afford better quality healthcare. 75% of expenditure on healthcare in India is still being met by out-of-pocket consumers. Only 10% of the Indian population today has health insurance coverage. The opportunity remains huge for insurance providers entering into the Indian healthcare market since Health insurance has a way of increasing accessibility to quality healthcare delivery for private healthcare providers for whom high cost remains a barrier. Health Care Coverage and Access About 16% of US population is uninsured. Also, about 24% of the U.S. population was under-insured and have insurance that barely covers their medical needs. This leaves them unprepared for major medical expenses. According to some studies, about 40% of U.S. citizens do not have sufficient health insurance to cover their health needs. 59% of U.S. citizens have health insurance related to employment, 27% have government-provided health-insurance while nearly 9% purchase health insurance directly (there is some overlap in these figures). Medical debt is the one of the major cause of bankruptcy in the United States. Thus, the cost of health care not the availability of resources is major impedance to health care access in US. The US federal government does not offer universal health care to all its citizens. But there are some publicly funded health care programs to help elderly, disabled, poor and children. The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act or EMTALA ensures public access to emergency services. The EMTALA law forces emergency health care providers to stabilize an emergency health crisis and cannot withhold treatment for lack of evidence of insurance coverage or other evidence of the ability to pay. But person receiving health care under EMTALA still has to pay the hospital. Hospital can pursue any defaulter for the cost of emergency services they provided. When it comes to healthcare, there are two faces of India: a country that provides high-quality medical care to middle-class Indians and medical tourists and a country whose residents have limited or no access to quality health care. Today only 25% of the Indian population has access to Western (allopathic) medicine, which is practiced mainly in urban areas, where two-thirds of Indias hospitals and health centers are located. Many of the rural poor must rely on alternative forms of treatment, such as Ayurvedic and Homeopathy. A widespread lack of health insurance compounds the healthcare challenges India is facing. Although some form of health protection is provided by government and major private employers, health insurance schemes available to the Indian public are generally basic and inaccessible to most people. Only 11% of the population has any form of health insurance coverage. For the small percentage of Indians who do have some insurance, the main providers are all government run insurance companies. Only 1% of the population was covered by private health insurance in 2004-05. Because so little insurance is available to the population of India, out-of-pocket payments for medical care amounted to 98.4% of total health expenditures by households, as of the most recent (2001-02) census. Without insurance, the poor must resort to taking on debt or selling assets to meet the costs of health care. It is estimated that 20 million people in India fall below the poverty line each year because of indebtedness due to healthcare needs. Availability of health care resources There is a greater availability of health care equipments and facilities for tests such as mammograms and PAP smears (for women), PSA screenings (for men) and colonoscopies in US. Consequently, the use of these tests is more frequent in the U.S. for example, 86 percent of U.S. women ages 40 to 69 have had a mammogram. The U.S. also is endowed with many MRI machines and CT scanners per capita. Higher levels of screening and equipment helps in early detection and treatment of diseases like cancer. While no such statistics is available for India, low cancer survivability rate can be attributed to scarcity of diagnostic facilities in India. In the United States, access to health care is primarily determined by whether a person can pay for the treatment, by the availability of services in the area and by willingness of the provider to deliver service at the price set by the insurer. Wait time Waiting time determines how fast a patient is able to get medical attention. Waiting time illustrates efficiency of health care system. In US, the average wait time was 17 days for an appointment with an orthopedic surgeon. One of my friend had to wait 27 days to see a female surgeon. In India, according to one survey, waiting time is a chronic problem affecting hospitals run by Indian government. 44% patients wait in the hospital for more than two weeks before seeing doctor for preliminary diagnosis. They cannot start treatment before knowing cause of their illness. Although this is not the case in private hospitals. In some government hospitals, patient has to wait for couple of weeks for X-ray or USG exams. Waiting time for surgery could stretch up to 2 months. In India, it is not mandatory to reach a government hospital in times of emergency. You can go to your physicians private hospital or a multi-facility hospital run by a panel of doctors. Also you have an easy access to your Primary care physician in case you need to talk to him. This does not happen in U.S. You have to communicate with the nursing staff before talking to your physician. India faces a huge need gap in terms of availability of number of hospital beds per 1000 population. India stands just a little over 0.7 hospital beds per 1000 population whereas U.S. has 2.5 beds per 1000 population. Administrative overheads Administration accounts for 31% of health care spending in the United States. Some of that money goes to doctors, nurses and other medical professionals. Private insurance in US has administrative overhead of about 12%, Medicare has administrative overhead of about 4% while Medicaid has administrative overhead of about 7%. United States have a program to provide prescription drugs to the poor but it is limited. The introduction of Medicare Part D in US has extended partial coverage for drugs to Medicare recipients. Most important difference between health care systems of US and India is the much higher cost of prescription drugs in the United States. It is very expensive to get a treatment in United States as compared to India. For instance: cost of normal delivery in Indian private hospitals is approximately Rs 6,000 ($120). It is free of charge in government hospitals for everyone. Caesarean section costs about Rs 20,000 ($400) inclusive of anesthesia charges and drug expense but you pay everything out of pocket. In U.S. cost of normal delivery is approximately $20,000. Insurance plan covers most of the cost but depending on the plan, patients usually receive separate bills for anesthesiology and other expenses. U.S. disallows Medicare or Medicaid from negotiating drug prices. Therefore, they cannot buy medicines in bulk and lower prices. In US, the cost of malpractice lawsuits is 0.46% of health care spending which comes to $16 per person each year for the total cost of settlements, legal fees, and insurance. The total cost of defending and settling malpractice lawsuits in the U.S. in 2001 was approximately $6.5 billion, or 0.46% of total health spending. According to some, defensive medicine consumes up to 9% of American healthcare expenses. India has fewer doctors per capita than the United States. US have 2.3 doctors per 1,000 people in 2005 while India has 0.6 doctors per 1000 people. Physicians are paid fee for service. Now multi-facility clinics have a panel of doctors who work as hospital employees. There are a number of additional costs that are significantly higher in the U.S. Government orders on keeping the records of insured people which results in greater administrative effort. Higher marketing costs by insurance companies and health care providers contribute to higher health care costs. Conclusion Overall health care system in India and U.S has their own drawback and benefits. U.S. health care system is better in terms of cost coverage and quality health care but it is more expensive than that in India and lack of universal care affect the poor people in U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act passed on 23rd March, 2010 mandates universal coverage for all. This will certainly benefit the poor. So, by expanding resources and making health care more affordable and accessible to many Americans through premium tax credits, individual mandates, the expansion of Medicaid, new employer benefits and responsibilities, and state-based Exchanges, the United States has taken a step in the right direction.   Health care reform will absolutely grant many millions of Americans with what we feel is a basic human right: access to health care.

Wawa Research Paper

The top of the hierarchy was still under development but included sales/production, forecasting and replenishment system. In the middle was an under development strategic sourcing program. At the bottom was the operational master data set: articles files for warehousing, ordering, pricing and scanning up to 45000 SSW. This technology was used to keep records of inventory, orders being processed for suppliers and keep records of the past months orders, which could be used as information to make many Important decisions.An important part of the new IT architecture was the Introduction of Dif (Demand Influencing factors). This system would forecast the changes (holidays, promotions and weather) and factor these changes Into the recommended order that It generates for the stores. Way also started selling gas as convenience stores when it comes to gasoline procurement. In the past they had seven or eight carriers that monitored the gas supply in their assigned stores through technology an d they communicated once a day and these carriers did everything for Way.The technology strategy required Way to unite WBI, NCSC and the Fresh Channel integrated under one banner to create a competitive advantage and be cost- effective. The IT strategy was effective for Way. The Dif that would automatically take demand influencing factors into account and forecast and replenish the system. This system saved a lot of time, energy, and effort for the store managers as rather than having to remember the fact that something is on promotion next week or that the demand has changed due weather/holidays this system takes all the factors into consideration and generates a recommended order.This gives the store manager more time to focus on many different things. In my belief their gas supply strategy was very effective. Way had an advantage when it came to gas distribution as they never owned a gasoline truck and never hired a gasoline driver or invested money in logistics. They were virtua l when it came to gas distribution. The store managers never had to worry that the fuel would run out; they Just had to focus on selling it. I think this system increased Haw's profit margins for selling fuel, as they did not have a lot of capital investment.Their strategies in technology helped the firm become more customer focused, which was their mission to simplify daily lives of people. Way technology strategies helped in reducing a lot of workload for the workers in the store so they could concentrate on customers. Way was in the process of developing a new systematic supply chain as their egoistic had reached capacity and their vendors had been inconsistent in supplying the stores. Way wanted to own the software but not the hardware. They wanted a consolidated facility, owned and operated by a third party.If they wanted to build their own distribution centre, it would have cost them at least the equivalent of 10 to 11 new stores. Way choose Mclean Company of Texas, as they we re by far there largest convenience store distributor in the country. They were in a strategic â€Å"100 – 100 partnership†. NCSC was a 220,000 square-feet building and had 5 different imperative zones. The NCSC used to dispatch trucks between 1 am and 4:mama and every store had consistent deliveries with a 2-hour EAT. This allowed the management to plan for enough labor so they could shelf the products upon arrival.In the convenience story industry many of Haw's competitors did not realize that delivery timings were affecting their customers. It has happened to me a number of times when I go to a 7-11 and if they are getting a delivery their parking lot will be full and the store will be over crowded and understaffed as most the workers are emphasizing on shelving he items instead of paying attention to customers. NCSC handled 1800 SKU and it turned over products in ten days. Although Way owned the inventory, Mclean use to do everything for Way.They used to give order s to the vendors, manage inventory and inform Way how much they owe to the vendors. NCSC was able to such that all the Way stores could be reached in a day. Way did not want to waste capital on building their own facility as their competitors suffered by doing so. NCSC had only 6 Way employees and their Job was to maintain relations between Haw's marketing department and Mclean merchandising department. This also is a very important lesson for their competitors, as they also should maintain good relations with their distributors because one party cannot succeed at the expense of others.Bluebells stated that the relationship is like a marriage. Most employees of Way and Mclean consider this a strategic partnership and their partnership was a testimony for other players in the industry. NCSC was impressive in the technological aspect also. It promised to be an impressive array of third party logistics, cross docking, virtual management and mutual adjustment within and amongst organiza tions. Operations in NCSC and Fuel supply were meticulously choreographed, tightly coupled and highly efficient..Outsourcing this process, like the NCSC and Fuel channel, to experienced companies would allow Way to develop an efficient distribution network at a significantly less cost, and concentrate the majority of their resources on the customers. Haw's SCM going forward was quite impressive as well. They were going to implement the fresh channel. Fresh channel would be a central kitchen where food items could be prepared which were previously made in stores. This was done in order to maintain uniformity and increase the flexibility. Way has one of the most impressive and effective distribution channels in the industry.Going forward I think the company should continue its traditions of giving the customer more importance. Way should find another company like Mclean or offer Mclean a contract for another location so they could expand on their stores and be NCSC was expected to las t until 2012 but it is already full at the moment, which gives the organization very little room for growth. The Fuel Channel is one of Haw's best supply channel so I think they could add more gas stations to their stores as I have seen many Haw's thou gas stations.This would help the company expand their market and geographical radius. I think Way should also have websites or mobile phone applications, which tell the customers about the number of people in the store or the approximate waiting time. They should also let customers order their food from their kitchen freshly made in the store online. I consider Way to be green to an extent as they have reduced their number of truck deliveries and Fuel channels do not even use one truck. Way is virtual in gas distribution. Way could start using recycled labels on their private products.

Importance to the play Essay

Write a letter from the director to the actor playing a character you have studied, in which you advise him/her about the role he/she will be playing and it’s importance to the play. Congratulations for your excellent audition for the role of the inspector in the production ‘An inspector calls’. You have been chosen to play this role because out of all the actors we auditioned, your performance showed certain qualities needed to play the part of the inspector. For example the inspector must have a strong and domineering character to show that he is in control of the others throughout the section of the play where he is at the house. The inspector must also come across as quite eerie and ghostlike at times. J. B. priestly was born 13 September 1894, Bradford, West riding of Yorkshire and he died August 14th 1984 aged 89. He wrote many books and also had his only radio broadcast during the war. He wanted this particular production to be set in 1912, this is because it fits in with certain things that are mentioned in the play, for instance at the beginning when Birling is delivering his speech displaying his narrow-minded opinion of the war, Titanic and other political views. If a modern version of the play was to be performed, then he wouldn’t be able to do this and therefore we wouldn’t have that particular information on Birling which really shows his character and how he is a capitalist and believes that he should look out for himself and his family and considers as and okay thing to do to pay his workers as little as possible because they can’t walk out or argue with him as they have nowhere else to work. This is important in the play, because ‘The Inspector’ is the person that tries to make Birling change and possibly become more socialist and realise that there are other people in the world and I think that the way that the Inspector arrives immediately after he has delivered this speech to the rest of the Birling family, that the ‘Eva/Daisy’ story could possibly have just been a story until he refused to change his ways. I think that the point of the play was that the Inspector had come to the Birling’s house to try to change them and make them better people, and they were told about Eva/Daisy and then they were given the option to change. I think that if Birling and Mrs Birling and Gerald had also realised that they needed to change (like Sheila and Eric) then they wouldn’t have received the second phone call. Capitalism is a social and economic system which means that a person believes in class and social groups and believes that they should be distinguished from one another, and believes that if you want to make yourself richer then you can, also these people will not want to negotiate themselves with people poorer or people from a lower-class background than themselves. The characters in the play that have been chosen to represent this are Mr & Mrs Birling and Gerald.

Free College Admission Essays

Free College Admission Essays Free College Admission Essays Free College Admission Essays Writing a college admission essay is one of the most intimidating parts of the application process. A lot of questions arise in students minds as for the information to include into their essay papers. What should I write about? What life experience will be considered as significant? How do I know what will the admission committee appreciate in admission essays? If you are writing a college admission essay and need individual admission essay help, do not hesitate to place an order at this site. Get professionally written admission essay without any efforts! These questions seem to turn your head, but no exact and accurate answers come up to your mind. Probably, the best idea in this case is to look through free college admission essays? Still, do not hurry to surround yourself with mountains of free college admission essays found in any possible for your place. First, filter them: which free college admission essays editing online are or are not worth using? Let us discuss it. The vast majority of free college admission essays (especially the ones you can find on the websites with .edu domain) are written by usual students Actually, nobody knows whether those papers were successful or not, and whether their authors were accepted to the college of their dream. What is more, you cannot be sure that free college admission essays online correspond to at least the standard requirements for entrance essays. It means that using them may be rather harmful to you. So, be careful with free college admission essays online. Before you start writing your admission essay, visit the official website of the college you are going to enter. Very often during the application process, new articles appear at colleges official websites to help applicants pass their examinations. Some of them even provide them with examples of college admission essays. This is practically done in order for applicants to see what entrance essays worked and why they were successful. If you are eager to get a couple of such free college admission essays, visit the following link: Items to analyze in free college admission essays: How is the paper organized? What writing technique does the author use? Does the author address the reader directly? Is s/he honest and sincere to the reader? What specific experience does the author share? Does s/he talks about his/her weak points as well as about the strong ones? Does s/he exaggerate the strengths? Why is the introduction successful? Why is the conclusion effective? Finally, remember that you cannot plagiarize free college admission essays, as plagiarism is strictly forbidden within the academic study. If you are looking for free essays online and want to review good free term paper sample or free research paper example, surf our blog and you will find wealth of articles! Read more: Essays Comparing Poems Critical Success Factor Analysis Conflict Essay A Reflection Essay Writing English Coursework

Border Patrol and it essays

Border Patrol and it essays To the south of San Diego lies the US- Mexico border, to some this may only be seen as a line dividing the two countries; however, on closer inspection this border is actually a gateway for economic loss, reduced security and countless other detriments to the US. The main problem is that U.S. citizens do not understand how much harm to our country arises when there is an influx of thousands unidentified people a day. For a proper understanding of why the border is at its current state it is crucial to see what has lead it up to this point. For decades, immigrants have come through the Mexican border to take advantage of higher wages and greater job availability. Before a more stringent border policy, immigrants would make the trek from southern and central America to work. Migrants were able to cross close to urban areas and avoid traveling long distances in remote areas. Because of the ease, immigrants would leave there homes to work on farms in areas like the San Joaquin valley and then return to there homes in the winter off season. This cycle was followed for many years until under the Clinton administration in the mid 1990s the border became an issue of concern Clintons people knew he couldn't win reelection with out California where anti-immigrant fever was spiking...Clinton proposed the hiring of 600 new border patrol agents in 1993. A year later, the administration rolled out a multibil lion-dollar border strategy that commenced, naturally enough, with Operation Gatekeeper in Southern California.(Moser). Despite the heightened security measures, the opportunities in the US and lack there off in Mexico were still driving masses into the country illegally. Not only did more come but less were leaving In the last 10 years, the rate of return to Mexico has fallen through the floor Says Douglas S. Massey, co director of the Mexican Migration Project at Princeton University. The ri...

GROWTH STRATEGIES DECISION MAKING PROCESS IN LARGE HOTEL CHAINS Dissertation

GROWTH STRATEGIES DECISION MAKING PROCESS IN LARGE HOTEL CHAINS - Dissertation Example 21 Role of the Researcher 22 Data Analysis Technique 22 Reliability and Validity 23 Ethical Considerations 23 Findings and Analysis 25 Findings from the Interview 26 Discussion 34 Conclusion and Recommendations 37 Key Findings of the Study 37 Revisiting Aims and Objectives 38 Recommendations for Action 38 Recommendations for Further Study 40 References 41 Appendix- I 46 Abstract Hotel industry is one of the largest industries in the world that has progressed rapidly. Globalization has fueled this growth process as large hotel chains seek new venues to extend their business. Expanding overseas is not easy and a number of factors such as the entry mode, situation of the market, position of the market and economic and political situation of the host country have to be considered. The expansion involves a series of decisions; after the decisions have been taken, a strategy to implement them is then chalked out. Eastern European countries particularly Ukraine has caught the attention of m any multinational organizations and chains of hotels. The promising potential of the area has brought two major chains of hotels the Intercontinental and Fairmont to the capital city of Kiev. Both hotels have adopted different growth strategies although they target the same clients. The decision making processes in both hotels are different as well as in one hotel the General Manager is at a liberty to take most decisions while in the other decision making is done by the owners. This study by interviewing general managers at both hotels identified differences and similarities in decision making process at both hotels and make recommendations accordingly. Introduction Globalization has brought about significant changes in the world of business and has opened new avenues for investments; however one should understand importance of a well-planned project. In order to ensure project’s survivability, the whole process of decision-making must be supervised and overseen (Armesh, n.d .). It is crucially important that proper actions should be taken at the right stages of decision-making process and proper teams should be assigned to carry out the decisions (Armesh, n.d.) Only when the decisions are made after adequate research, the plans could be successful as highlighted by Walter (2010, p. 4) â€Å"the more information the â€Å"decision makers† have, the better will be the decision†. Walter (2010) explained that decision making requires balancing multiple objectives and there is an element of uncertainty in decisions where only the clarity of goals can tell the decision maker the best alternative therefore it is always good to have information because only then decision makers will be able to make informed decisions. Importance of making good decisions increases even further when the decision involves selection and implementation of growth strategies because then the stakes and risks are also high (Armesh, n.d.). Growth requires heavy investment and if things go wrong the business has to face heavy losses. Today, big hotel chains confront greater needs to invest more and more resources in decision-making process. In globalized and yet distinguished markets, large hotels must take all factors into account and consider the best growth decision; thus, ensuring success of the projects and return on their investment. This research study focuses on identifying and understanding elements involved in decision-makin

Nineteenth Century Jerusalem Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nineteenth Century Jerusalem - Research Paper Example This report stresses that the Crimean War of 1853–1856 portended a significant influence on the development of Jerusalem in the 19th centuryAs a result of foreign help for the Ottomans against the Russians during the time of the Crimean War, the Ottoman Empire incurred heavy debts to these foreign powers. In Jerusalem, this enabled consular representatives to exert political pressure for their nationals to be offered special protection. Jews found more ways to purchase land and build shops, streets, synagogues, and houses as the Western powers gained increasing power and influence in Jerusalem, which, in turn, flourished with growth and activity. An outbreak of dysentery further pushed more Jews outside the confines of the old city into areas with less congestion and better sanitation. Because of this expansion outside Jerusalem, Zionism arose in the late 19th century as a term, which was portrayed in direct reference to Jerusalem. This paper makes a conclusion that Nathan Birnbaum first used the term Zionism as a reference to the need for Jews to immigrate to Jerusalem and Palestine as a result of fascist ideologies. Zionism became the Jewish national movement in support of creation of a Jewish homeland in Jerusalem and Palestine. The earliest version of Zionism in the late 19th century aimed at opposing the assimilation of Jews in Palestine, instead pushing for a Jewish homeland and nation that would liberate them from future discrimination.