The Indian Copyright Act Essay Example for Free

The Indian Copyright Act Essay Copyright accrues by virtue of authorship, which means that regardless of whether there is a public indication of copyright or the copyright has been registered, the exclusive rights of the author exists. Certain acts are not considered to be infringement of copyright. 1. A fair dealing with a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work not being a computer programme for the purposes of- -private use including research; -criticism or review, whether of that work or any other work 2. The making of copies or adaptation of a computer programme by the lawful possessor of a copy of such computer programme from such copy- -in order to utilize the computer programme for the purpose for which it was supplied; or -to make backup copies purely as a temporary protection against loss, destruction or damage in order only to utilize the computer programme for the purpose for which it was supplied. Fair dealing The doctrine of fair use seeks to balance out societal interests against the exclusive rights of the copyright holder. They allow for fair dealing for research, study, criticism, review and news reporting, wherein copyrighted material can be used without permission. The Act has a widely-worded clause for fair use, yet it is important to note that the rationale behind the clause is that society benefits more from the copyright infringement than from the grant of the exclusive right to the author in that situation; this implies that your use of copyrighted material must be a provable social benefit and it must credit the copyright holder. Further, the degree to which copyrighted content is used is also material to a fair use defence; large swathes of unaltered content being quoted would probably invite scrutiny. The Copyright (Amendment) Bill, 2012, widens the scope of fair use by including all material (except computer programmes) as opposed to only â€Å"literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works† which were covered before. This implies that videos and sound recordings too, will now be covered by the fair-use exception.

Psychological Benefits of Sports on Youth

Psychological Benefits of Sports on Youth Jonathan Johnson Taking part in game can enhance the personal satisfaction of people and groups, push social consideration, enhance health, counter hostile to social conduct, raise singular respect toward oneself and certainty, and augment skylines. (sportscotland, 2003, p7) Consistent interest in physical movement (PA) is basic for great health. Animated individuals profit from larger amounts of health-related fitness and are at easier danger of creating numerous distinctive handicapping therapeutic conditions than idle individuals. It is broadly recognized that the health profits of interest in PA are not restricted to physical health additionally fuse mental segments. Far reaching exploration has brought about clear suggestions of the level of PA needed to prepare health profits. There are particular health-related proposals for youngsters and youths different from those for grown-ups. For individuals matured 5–17 years it is proposed that they attempt moderate or incredible exercises for no less than 60 minutes for every day. Customary support of this level of action by youngsters and youths can bring about expanded physical fitness, decreased muscle to fat ratio ratios, great cardiovascular and metabolic malady danger profiles, upgraded bone health and decreased manifestations of wretchedness and tension. Whilst numerous diverse health profits of support in PA are recognized, the lions share of examination has centered on the physical health profits of support in PA, with less research concentrated on the mental and social health angles. Despite the fact that mental health profits have been referenced in late rules, to date lacking proof blocks decisions about the negligible or ideal sorts or measures of physical action for mental health (Part G Section 8 p39) Despite the fact that the World Health Organization definition of health (2006) consolidates physical, mental and social health areas, the examination giving proof to the PA rules does not particularly address social health. On the other hand, the expositive expression briefing PA rules does propose that viewpoints, for example, social help may help a percentage of the descriptions of mental health results. The addressed to mental or social health profits from sport. In this setting, the accompanying definitions were received: sport a human movement of accomplishing a effect obliging physical effort or physical expertise which, by its temperament and association, is aggressive and is for the most part acknowledged as being a sport. health – a state of complete physical, mental and social prosperity and not just the non appearance of sickness and ailment; mental of alternately alluding to the brain or to the procedures of the brain, for example, considering, feeling, sensing, and the like(p475) mental health – Mental Health alludes to an expansive exhibit of exercises specifically or by implication identified with the mental prosperity part included in the WHOs meaning of health†¦ It is identified with the advancement of prosperity, the counteractive action of mental issue, and the medication furthermore recovery of individuals influenced by mental scatters social: I dentifying with the associations of people, especially as parts of an aggregation or a group (p475); social health: That extent of a singulars prosperity that concerns how he gets alongside other individuals, how other individuals respond to him, and how he associates with social establishments and societal mores. (p 152). In this study, we likewise utilized the accompanying terms: mental – as an equivalent word for mental; furthermore psychosocial †¦ any circumstance in which both mental and social elements are expected to play a part (p638). Sports is a physical activity which sets on rules and help to maintained individual health by different In the world sports is a very popular activity which is play important physical, psychological and social development significances for those children and youth involved. Children and Youth are mentally and physically fit those are participating in sports. Sports are supposed to play a main part in improving children’s health and good for years to come. According to an author (Price-Mitchell, 2014) idea of youth sports have reason that sports helps children in developed teamwork abilities, make person self-confidence, it also helps in overcome the trauma and any injury, build good character and other personal strengths. (Price-Mitchell, 2014) THE EXTRAPOLATION OF ACHIEVEMENT inspiration hypothesis to the domain of focused games has fixated on the two operational ideas of dispositional parts of accomplishment objectives (undertaking and personality inclusion) and situational parts of accomplishment objectives (dominance and execution group atmosphere; Duda, 1992; Duda Nicholls, 1992; Roberts, 1992). Errand and inner self objective viewpoints are thought to reflect the way in which a player translates triumph, disappointment, and subsequently his or her level of games capability. Training specialists have found that assignment included people naturally characterize capability as far as referenced toward oneself benchmarks of execution, for example, undertaking dominance, satisfaction of potential, and aptitude change (Ames Archer, 1988; Nicholls, 1984, 1992), while personality included people judge individual skill on the support of other-referenced measures, for example, beating adversaries and exhibiting predominant cap acity (Jagacinski Nicholls, 1987; Nicholls, 1989). The specific accomplishment objective introduction that a competitor embraces may be influenced by situational elements display inside the evaluative setting (Duda, 1992). Authority and execution situated atmospheres inside the classroom have been joined to errand included and sense of self included intentions, separately, prescribing that motivational atmosphere assumes a persuasive part in the advancement of singular objective introductions around scholars (Ames Archer, 1988). An authority atmosphere has a tendency to advertise positive influence at the class, more versatile taking in methodologies, and more stupendous test looking for practices around its understudies, although an execution atmosphere empowers regularizing or other-referenced norms of victory that regularly process easier recognized capacity in learners consequent to disappointment results (Ames, 1992; Ames Archer, 1988). Understanding what factors influence positive youth development has been advocated by youth development researchers ((P. L. Benson, 2006; J. S. Eccles J. A. Gootman, 2002).) Body Mental studies on the quality of youth games offer wide bits of knowledge into youngster advancement and frequently repudiate each other. Since nobody youngster is precisely like an alternate, folks who comprehend the profits and pitfalls of games and who give careful consideration to the unique necessities of their kids are more inclined to bring children that flourish up in life. Generally, studies show three critical parts of games support that influence positive youth advancement force, coherence, and equalization. A synthesis of every one of the three offers the best profits to children..( Mitchell, 2012) Intensity The measure of time kids use completing games every week is especially imperative to if they accept positive developmental results from their support. Kids who invest more of an opportunity in games exercises have more amazing profits than youth who partake at easier levels or not in the slightest degree. With more terrific time duty, youngsters create better dominance of abilities and predominant information of strategies and technique. This can prompt the advancement of key speculation which is useful in all parts of life, including the capacity to discover and outperform in the occupation market. Nobody can let you know how long of games for every week is the ideal measure. The significant taking in is that kids who make a guarantee to normal practice accept more amazing developmental profits. The security and span of how youngsters take part over their juvenile years is additionally essential. Studies infer that discontinuous support throughout the center and secondary school years is not as gainful as persistent commitment. Setting aside a few minutes encourages the probability that kids will overcome tests and obstructions in their execution. They additionally have more stupendous chances to connect with buddies, figuring out how to adapt to the interpersonal tests of working with others. This is a significant part of creating activity, an inner quality that endures a lifetime. Maybe the most paramount of the three parts of youth games interest is to attain a harmony between games and different exercises. Studies demonstrate that more terrific developmental conclusions are accomplished by kids who invest time in exercises other than their predominant games hunts. It is not so much the amounts of exercises in which youth take an interest yet rather that they have outlets past games. Case in point, one study discovered youth who took part in games and school clubs had easier rates of melancholy than children who centered solely on games. Different studies prescribe that youngsters who partake in exercises that present certifiable tests, such as volunteering in their groups, attain more terrific developmental profits. These exercises urge youth to create a community character and see a world past a session of winning and losing. References Holt, N. L. (Ed.). (2008).Positive youth development through sport. New York, NY: Routledge. Marilyn Price-Mitchell, PhD,is a developmental psychologist working at the intersection of youth development,leadership,education, and civic engagement. C. D. Jensen,C. C. Cushing,A. R. Elledge,Associations Between Teasing,Quality of life and Physical Activity Among Preadolescent Children,Journal of Pediatric Psychology,2014,39,1,65 Niek Pot,Niels Schenk,Ivo Van Hilvoorde,School sports and identity formation: Socialisation or selection?,European Journal of Sports Science,2014,1 Theokas, C. (2009). Youth sport participation: A view of the issues.Developmental Psychology, 45(2), 303-306. Zaff, J. F., Moore, K. A., Papillo, A.R., Williams, S. (2003). Implications of extracurricular activity participation duringadolescenceon positive outcomes.Journal of Adolescent Research, 18, 599-630. Lesyk, J. (1998). Retrieved from http://www.sportpsych.org/nine-mental-skills-overview Price-Mitchell, M. 2014. The Psychology ofYouth Sports.The Moment of YouthHelping teensbelieve in themselves. Sallis J, Owen N: Ecological models of health behavior. In Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, research, and practice. Edited by Glanz K, Rimer B, Lewis F. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2002:462–485. Kriemler S, Meyer U, Martin E, van Sluijs EMF, Andersen LB, Martin BW: Effect of school-based interventions on physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents: a review of reviews and systematic update. Br J Sports Med 2011, 45(11):923–930 Australian Bureau of Statistics: Defining sport and physical activity, a conceptual model. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics; 2008. Shields and Bredemeier, â€Å"Moral Development and Behavior in Sport,† p. 590. Shields and Bredemeier, â€Å"Moral Development and Behavior in Sport,† p. 593. US Department of Health and Human Services: Physical activity guidelines advisory Committee report; 2008. Available from http://www.health.gov/ paguidelines/report/. Janssen I: Physical activity guidelines for children and youth. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2007, 32:S109–S121. Oja P, Bull F, Fogelholm M, Martin B: Physical activity recommendations for health: what should Europe do? BMC Public Health 2010, 10:10. US Department of Health and Human Services: Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans; 2008. Available from: http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/ guidelines/. Zimmermann-Sloutskis D, Wanner M, Zimmermann E, Martin B: Physical activity levels and determinants of change in young adults: a longitudinal panel study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2010, 7:2. Department of Health and Ageing: Australian National Childrens Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey: Main Findings, 2008. Department of Health and Ageing: Canberra; 2007. Tammelin T, Nayha S, Hills A, Javelin MR: Adolescent participation in  sports and adult physical activity. Am J Prev Med 2003, 24(1):22–28.

Explain what happens in Act 3 from Danforth’s point of view- and show :: English Literature

Explain what happens in Act 3 from Danforth’s point of view- and show how Arthur Miller makes it clear to the audience that Danforth is not only misguided but deliberately ignores any evidence that casts doubt on the stories of Abigail Williams GCSE English Literature 20th Century Drama Coursework, â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller Essay Question: Explain what happens in Act 3 from Danforth’s point of view- and show how Arthur Miller makes it clear to the audience that Danforth is not only misguided but deliberately ignores any evidence that casts doubt on the stories of Abigail Williams and the other girls. Danforth, as â€Å"the Deputy Governor of the Province† of Massachusetts is an extremely powerful and influential man, a representative of the King of England. He represents the combined authority of church and state in this theocratic society of the day. We do not meet Danforth until the start of Act 3, although Arthur Miller mentions him briefly at the beginning of Act 2 not by name but by his office. Danforth is not one of the main characters in the play but he is certainly the most controversial. Arthur Miller makes us aware of how this man is a paradox, but I shall return to this shortly. In the first two Acts of this play, set in Salem 1692, Arthur Miller introduces us to the main characters and the events that lead to this witch- hunt. He describes the people of Salem as a â€Å"sect of fanatics whose creed forbade anything resembling a theatre or vain enjoyment† and a â€Å"holiday from work meant that they must concentrate even more upon prayer.† Their outlook and self enforced discipline did help them to survive a life, which I can only imagine as very harsh, as some of the first settlers in America. These people lived by very strict rules and regulations, and were not allowed to express their feelings physically or verbally. The events that lead to the witch- hunt were, in my view, the bubble bursting- such repression found an outlet! Arthur Miller states â€Å"the witch- hunt was not mere repression† but a â€Å"long overdue opportunity for everyone to express publicly his guilt and sins under the accusations against victims. It suddenly became possible to speak of matters which were forbidden in an ordinary way.† Also â€Å"hatred of neighbours would now be openly expressed, and vengeance taken.† â€Å"Old scores would be settled,† and all this under the umbrella of morality and self righteousness. Before the start of the play Reverend Parris has caught a group of girls, led by his niece Abigail Williams, dancing in the woods- a

Journal of JFK assasination :: essays research papers

November 22, 1963 The cheers and cries of the crowd were roaring and still escalating as he approached. The 1961 Lincoln Continental peered over the corner. The flap of hands in the air blocked the lens momentarily. Two security motorcycles made the turn on Elm Street and I felt excitement circulate my entire body as I knew any second the 35th President of the United States, John F. Kennedy, would appear. My legs trembled as I felt the breeze of the motorcade approach me. I was perched on a stone on Elm Street grasping my 8mm Bell and Howell camera. To Kennedy’s request his automobile would be without a top. Kennedy was now focused on my camera. I attentively filmed the hands of the President waving to the crowds of spectators; but if they had only known they were about to be spectators of a ghastly tragedy. And right then and there, on a clear November 22, 1963, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was assassinated. The laudation of the motorcade instantly turned into an outcry of thousands. An ineffable b lanket of terror covered me; yet I stood concretely filming the bomb of blood explode in my front of my eyes until the vehicle violently swerved and disappeared into an overpass. My heart dropped to the floor. I saw the world, I felt the world enter utter commotion, but my ears were not receptive to sound. A silence domed the scene. BOOM! The unbearable noise rang in my ears. I saw his body jump forward and his head swing back wildly†¦I stared, I tried, but I could no longer be reluctant to the truth. September 5, 1959 The scolding became part of the norm. The drill sergeant loved to yell and torment all of those under his command. I felt compassion especially for a man who seemed to have persistent trouble with the Corps. He was considered an outcast by many. Out in the range he had very poor marksmanship. Drill Sergeant Peters seemed to enjoy decrying this man. If he would become hesitant due to exhaustion from physical training, Sergeant Peters would soon enough get on his case and verbally torture him. I looked into the man’s eyes and saw a subtle expression of fear, anger, and distress cooking up all at once. A mask veiled despondent inside of him. He surely was not an exceptional shooter, or the fittest man there.

Essay example --

The most common definition of sustainability is living in a way that meets the social, economic, and other requirements of the current population as well as ensuring the same requirements will be able to be met for future generations. Living sustainably is something that affects every person on the planet. The way we live now affects our lives today, as well as the future population. Some people believe that sustainability and living green will not matter to them as the effects of their actions will not manifest in their lifetime, but this assumption is incorrect. Currently two-thirds of the services provided to us by nature are declining, 85% of all fish stocks in the ocean are overexploited, depleted, recovering or fully exploited. There was a 38% increase in annual global carbon dioxide and it will take 50+ years for the ozone layer to get back to pre 1980 levels. Global warming is one example of long-term change in the environment that has been caused by humans. Other examples ar e the introduction of nonnative and invasive species, land development, and changes in water quantity and quality. Statistics according to the article Resilient People Resilient Planet. There is no guarantee that if people continue to live the way they are living, things will continue to be sustainable. However sustainability is not just about the environment, social and economic aspects are equally as important to creating a sustainable world. (Figure 1). In this paper I will explain what it means to live sustainably, why it is a problem, challenges and how humans can live more sustainably. The way people live now has detrimental effects on humans and the planet. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 800,000 people die prematu... ...t future generations can also live in. If humanity continues to disregard the planet and disappearing resources and live in an unsustainable way, people now and later will suffer. A conscious effort must be made by the entire world to make this important change. Developed nations, like America, and poor nations have especially difficult work to do. This is because consumption is a major driver of negative human impacts on the planet, these practices are especially motivated by extreme poverty and extreme wealth. People all over need to make a concentrated effort to change. Personal change will make an impact for the better, but government must be involved as well for a complete change to occur. If concentrated efforts are made to live more sustainably humankind will be able to make changes for the better to preserve the planet for themselves and future generations.

Natives and the Europeans. Essay

In the book Heart of Darkness, Conrad gives us a negative impression of human nature. Conrad’s views of human nature are very pessimistic and he gives us the feeling that humans are in fact inhuman and as we read on these terrible images of the evil deeds of humans keeps reoccurring. In reality many of human characteristics we possess resemble those given in the book. However, we also catch glimpses of the caring and helpful side of man shown through Marlow and the Russian. The author uses different characters to explore different aspects of human nature. Each character has his own distinctive identity and through his individuality we are able to identify with many of the views and ideas Conrad is trying to communicate. In order to fully understand the concepts of human nature, we have to classify the characters in the novel into three different categories. The first category is comprised of the Europeans, but excludes Kurtz and Marlow. The reason Marlow doesn’t fit with the Europeans is because he refuses to follow their example and act as they do. Kurtz meanwhile has drifted into his own little world. The second category is made up of the natives, while Kurtz and Marlow together form the third category. We can see a clear contrast between the Europeans and the natives. They are different in everyway, especially the way they interact with each other. The Europeans in general who live in Africa form the first category. The manager, his nephew and the pilgrims are the main characters representing the European category. The way the Europeans force the natives to work in such appalling conditions; the men walking chained and the man being beaten unmercifully (p. 39) are all good examples of the brutality the Europeans brought to Africa. The pilgrims, meanwhile, are shown as the typical colonizers. The pilgrims have no value for the life of another person, they show this when they shoot the natives for fun. They kill the people just because they are alive. Killing people just for the fun of it takes human cruelty past the limit. â€Å"†¦. save the ivory you mean†¦. † (p. 100) Greed is another horrid but powerful characteristic of man. Greed motivates people to the extent that they the Europeans have come to Africa in the name of greed, sacrificing life in their own countries and time with their own families. They have come for the wealth that Africa will give them. The manager is probably the best example; he is a person whose sole objective is to acquire and keep ivory. Then we come to the second category which consists of natives. Throughout the book Conrad refers to them as â€Å"savages† and in this context the word implies that the natives are wild, uncivilized, and uneducated people. We know that, compared to the Europeans, the natives are in fact more civilized and educated in the way they act. â€Å"They are simple people†¦ † (p. 102) as the Russian puts it. â€Å"Simple people† meaning that they were not as sophisticated and didn’t have big ambitions like the Europeans. The cannibals, the fireman, the helmsman and the rest of the Africans we meet in this novel are the representatives from this category. The cannibals are shown as the typical Africans in contrast to the pilgrims, the typical Europeans. The cannibals are actually hard working, well behaved people and according to Marlow â€Å"†¦ fine fellows†¦ they were men one could work with, and I was grateful for them†¦ † (p. 61). Their behaviour on the boat, their will to work even though they are paid nothing and how they eat practically nothing are demonstrations of a great character strength, which Marlow envies.

Personality: Carl Jung and Myra

1. Which personality type does Myra display, according to Freudian theory? Provide evidence for your answer. What caused it?Myra must have experienced neurotic anxiety in the presence of her husband’s â€Å"authority† as she previously must have experienced unconscious feelings of destruction against her parents because of fear of punishment, so she exaggerates her cleanings and frequently portrays herself as a martyr who does so much for others and asks so little for herself, when in reality she usually over sees the cleaning and tells others what to do, and her husband or children help her.This same neurotic anxiety makes her aggressive towards her neighbor as once grass went flying into her garden from her neighbor’s while mowing; and as a result Myra threw a fit and did not talk to the neighbor for two years. Myra displays a disturbing pattern of establishing relationships and then ending them by being rude. She sometimes criticizes people to their faces, or she just stops calling them. Moreover, this neurotic anxiety makes her concerned about spending money and she refrains from expending it despite being middle class and really not poor. As a defense mechanism, Myra has developed an anal fixation, which manifests in her obsession with neatness and orderliness.2. Why does Myra feel that cleaning the house is her responsibility? How would Jungian theory explain Myra adopting this traditional role? According to Jung the mind or psyche has two levels; conscious and unconscious. Unlike Freud, Jung believes that collective unconscious refers to humans’ â€Å"innate tendency to react in a particular way whenever their experiences stimulate a biological inherited response tendency.†This explains why Myra unexpectedly reacts with love and persistence to the house cleanliness, tidiness and orderliness although she had negative or at least neutral feelings toward the job, especially when we know that her mother always took care of their house and thought that it was the woman’s responsibility to do so; and Myra has learnt how to clean â€Å"correctly† from her mother who punished her when she did not clean something thoroughly enough.Of course, her mothers belief of house cleanliness was passed to her from her mother and so on through generations until it became a collective unconscious which Jung sees as autonomous forces called archetypes which, when evolved, â€Å"can be conceptualized† into persona, shadow, anima, animus, great mother, wise old  man, hero, and self.3. How could radical behaviorism explain Myra’s cleaning behavior? Find examples of reinforcement of punishment that might have influenced Myra’s cleaning behavior.According to Freud, Myra’s ego which is â€Å"the only region of the mind in contact with reality† and it is governed by the â€Å"reality principle† has made the decision on cleanness and neatness of her house and yard, besid es arranging things in order. And because the ego is partially conscious, partly preconscious and partly unconscious, her ego can make decisions on each of these three levels. Myra exaggerates in cleaning her house, tidying her yard and garden and arranging her things in order as her ego consciously motivates her to choose excessive neatness, tidiness and arrangements because she feels comfortable and proud of her estate and things being like this and people compliment her for this.Meanwhile she may be, on her preconscious level, only dimly aware of her previous experience when her friends or neighbors first praised her for the way she cleans the house, tidies the yard and the garden and arranges her things. Besides, she may be unconsciously motivated to be excessively clean, neat and orderly â€Å"due to her childhood experiences of the toilet training† and cleaning the house with her mother so as to avoid pain resulting from her parents punishment and gain pleasure of their love and security. Also it has been settled in her superego what she should and should not do because of her experiences with reward and punishment she must have received from her parents during her childhood. Thus she can be dominated by the superego, which results in her â€Å"guilt-ridden or inferior-feeling person;†4. How could Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory explain Myra’s traditionally feminine cleaning behavior? According to Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory, the way we react to expected events is usually more powerful than the event itself. Myra’s traditionally feminine cleaning behavior can be explained on the basis of her observing her mother cleaning and perhaps financially managing the house as well as having the same belief that her mother had as housework is the main responsibility of a woman.Myra’s behavior is also reinforced by the compliments she receives from her  neighbors and friends who overtly express their admirations of her clean house, tidy yard and beautiful garden. This accords with Bandura’s idea that reinforcement can be vicarious whether it is direct or indirect. According to Bandura’s triadic reciprocal model that includes behavioral, environmental, and personal factors, Myra has the capacity to regulate her life; and her behavioral cleanliness has turned into a consistent way of evaluating and regulating her social and cultural environment, seeing that her house is cleaner, tidier and more beautiful than any house in the neighborhood or any of her friends or relatives’ houses.5. Which of Horney’s needs motivate Myra? Which of Horney’s neurotic trends does Myra demonstrate? Provide evidence for you answer. In accordance with Horney’s Psychoanalytic Social Theory, Myra has been influenced by cultural impacts of her society. Modern culture is based on completion (her exaggeration in cleanliness, tidiness and orderliness compared to other s) which triggers off basic hostility (in dealing with her friends and neighbors), which, in return, results in isolation, (her break up with friends and not participating in productive volunteer work), that brings about â€Å"intensified needs for affection† (her feeling of doing everything alone without being helped by anyone and illustrating herself as martyr or victim).Childhood at any stage is considered the source of most problems as a result of traumatic events. During her childhood Myra was physically punished by her parents; the thing which generated a feeling of lack of genuine warmth and affection and developed into anxiety and hostility towards others. From her behaviors of exaggerated cleanliness, hostility, saving money, and refraining from participating in productive volunteer work, Myra demonstrates some basic neurotic needs:(1) Need to restrict her life within narrow borders: she does not participate in any productive activities such as volunteer work, and sh e prefers to spend all her time and energy working on her house and yard. (2) Need for security and power: she economizes on everything and does not spend money, which represents a source of power to her. (3) Need to exploit others: she breaks up with friends and relatives who do not return her invitations to meals. (4) Need for social recognition or prestige: she tries to be the best at cleaning and orderliness and criticizes others as not equal to her.(5) Need for personal admiration: she likes people admiring her house cleanliness, her yard and garden tidiness and beauty, and her orderliness. (6) Need for perfection and unassailability: she always cleans, tidy and rearrange her house, garden, yard and things so as not to be criticized; on the contrary she always criticizes and blames others.